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- <text id=90TT2907>
- <title>
- Nov. 05, 1990: To Grandma's House We Go
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Nov. 05, 1990 Reagan Memoirs
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- LIVING, Page 86
- To Grandma's House We Go
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>More and more senior citizens are missing out on retirement
- while they serve as surrogate parents for their grandchildren
- </p>
- <p>By JILL SMOLOWE/WEST WAYNESVILLE
- </p>
- <p> Ollie Duggan still has a vision of what grandparenting is
- supposed to be. In that fantasy, her two grandchildren, Joey
- and Lorrie, arrive to spend the night at her home in the
- mountains of Clyde, N.C. She cooks their favorite foods and
- spoils them with gifts. When they act up, she looks away,
- knowing her job is to dote, not to discipline. When the
- children leave, she returns to a life of leisure and travel,
- earned after raising four children of her own. The dream, says
- Duggan, 68, is of "a time in my life when I can come and go
- without responsibility to anyone."
- </p>
- <p> It is only a dream. In 1983 Duggan's son Terry and his wife
- split up. First they deposited their nine-month-old daughter
- with his mother; within the year, they also dropped off their
- three-year-old son. The moves were only temporary--at first.
- But the children's mother announced that she wanted to live her
- own life. In 1986 Terry died of a heart attack. With that,
- Duggan resolved to raise her grandchildren as if they were her
- own offspring. Now her travel plans have been supplanted by
- worries about how she will save enough money for her grandson's
- medical-school education. "Of course, I love the children," she
- says. "But I've been deprived of my golden years. Why wouldn't
- I resent it?"
- </p>
- <p> Duggan's wistful question is echoed by thousands of American
- grandparents who are finding the luster of their golden years
- dulled by responsibilities they never anticipated. Yes, they
- love their grandkids. And yes, they stand ready to serve as the
- family National Guard when a crisis arises. But a host of
- social ills--from drug abuse and divorce to financial
- hardship and teenage pregnancy--have turned many graying
- citizens into full- or part-time custodians of their
- grandchildren precisely when they were preparing to ease into
- retirement and a new independence. Unexpectedly robbed of the
- "grand" part of grandparenting, many feel angry and resentful.
- They are also bewildered by their children's choices, which
- they find in profound violation of their own values.
- </p>
- <p> According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 3 million children live
- with their grandparents, a 50% jump over the past decade. Of
- those, 882,000 live in homes where a parent is not present.
- While multigenerational households have long been common to
- working-class neighborhoods and to African-American and
- Hispanic communities of any income level, the phenomenon now
- cuts across race and class lines. Such arrangements are most
- prevalent in the nation's inner cities, where drug addiction
- and teenage pregnancy run high. But among white middle-class
- grandparents--a group that traditionally has treasured its
- independence--an ever-increasing number are providing care
- while their children muddle through divorces, financial crises
- and the logistics of two-career marriages.
- </p>
- <p> Barbara Kirkland, 51, of Colleyville, Texas, voices a common
- refrain. Six years ago, she and her husband took over the
- upbringing of their four-year-old granddaughter Trisha after
- they concluded that the child was being abused. "Becoming a
- parent again is not a first choice," Kirkland says. "It's a
- last alternative."
- </p>
- <p> The sad irony is that today's grandparents were supposed to
- have more alternatives than their predecessors. Modern senior
- citizens are healthier, livelier and often wealthier than in
- the past, and while many still find grandparenting a joy,
- others reap rich rewards in work, leisure and community
- activity. "They have been helping other people all their
- lives," says Dr. Arthur Kornhaber, president of the Foundation
- for Grandparenting. "Now many of them say, `It's my turn.'"
- </p>
- <p> Instead, some are experiencing a stressful kind of deja vu.
- They often feel overwhelmed by the emotional, financial and
- legal hardships of their improvised status as child guardians.
- In hardscrabble urban areas, where strung-out parents use their
- welfare checks to buy drugs, grandparents must support young
- wards on slender fixed incomes. The better-off find themselves
- pressed too. "Without the kids to take care of, I wouldn't be
- working as much," says Florence Gilmore, 57, of Long Beach,
- Calif., who works as a private-duty nurse to support three
- young grandsons. Nonetheless, Gilmore faced the prospect of
- bankruptcy before a state agency provided $694 in monthly
- assistance.
- </p>
- <p> Even grandparents who have saved for retirement are feeling
- the pinch. Ollie Duggan adopted her grandchildren so she could
- draw further on her dead husband's Social Security to defray
- the costs of child care. "I'm the mother, the grandmother, the
- granddaddy, the daddy. I'm it all," she says. Peggy Plante, 49,
- understands that frustration well. Plante quit her job in a
- Braintree, Mass., real estate office in 1988 to care for a
- sickly infant granddaughter born to two teenage, drug-abusing
- parents. "We give up everything," Plante says, "and nobody
- looks out after us."
- </p>
- <p> As a result, grandparents are beginning to look out for one
- another, chiefly by banding together in support groups like
- those run by Sylvie de Toledo, a clinical social worker in Long
- Beach. Her sessions offer members an opportunity to overcome
- their isolation and vent anger toward their children for
- failing to accept their parental responsibilities. They also
- provide an outlet for frustration toward the grandchildren who
- disrupted comfortable routines. These groups can help navigate
- issues such as obtaining custody and securing medical care for
- children.
- </p>
- <p> Nonetheless, the pressures are such that some frustrated
- grandparents are closing the door on their hospitality. In
- inner cities, where a succession of teenage pregnancies in a
- family can result in grandparents who are as young as their
- early 30s, many are flatly refusing to care for grandchildren.
- Thus the burden is sometimes passed along to
- great-grandparents.
- </p>
- <p> Most grandparents, however, dig in and make the best of a
- difficult situation. Two years ago, after 2 1/2-year-old
- Mitchell was left in their care, Shirley and Charles Gates of
- West Waynesville, N.C., reluctantly set aside their plans to
- buy a camper and spend their retirement hunting and fishing.
- "When we first got the baby," says Shirley, "it was really hard
- on me and Paw-paw." They remain angry at their daughter, who,
- Shirley says, pays no support and rarely visits. But the
- Gateses have found their grandson a constant joy and challenge.
- "It's been worth it," says Shirley, "because Mitchell needed
- us." The senior Gateses can no longer imagine life without him.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-